Optical sensors are devices that detect and measure light or other electromagnetic radiation. These sensors convert light signals into electrical signals, allowing for the detection and analysis of a variety of physical properties, such as temperature, pressure, and chemical composition. Optical sensors are commonly used in a wide range of applications, including telecommunications, medical devices, environmental monitoring, and industrial automation. They offer high sensitivity, fast response times, and the ability to operate in harsh environments. Advances in technology have led to the development of more compact, efficient, and cost-effective optical sensors, making them increasingly popular in various industries.